Mujer y jubilación: conocimientos sobre la transición de la jubilación / Women and retirement: knowledge of the transition of retirement of women

Objetivo. Describir la transición de la jubilación de mujeres que desarrollaron su vida laboral en la ciudad de Barcelona. Diseño. Metodología cualitativa, estudio exploratorio. Emplazamiento. Ciudad de Barcelona, entre los años 2008- 2011. Participantes. Usuarias de Centros de Salud que responden a dos perfiles según el tipo de actividad laboral desarrollada: como directivas y técnicas, o con actividad profesional con escasa o nula autonomía. Intervenciones principales. Técnica de grupos focales hasta que los discursos narrativos no agregaron más información significativa a la disponible. Análisis con transcripción literal de los discursos, codificación, categorización, análisis de contenido y obtención de resultados. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre los perfiles de mujeres en relación con la significación de su vida laboral, las expectativas sobre la jubilación, los motivos que la determinaron, su salud al inicio de la misma y la adaptación a esta etapa. Hubo muchas similitudes y escasas diferencias cuando se analizaron las cargas familiares sostenidas antes y después de la jubilación. Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados se describen dos tipologías distintas de transición de la jubilación entre las mujeres del estudio en función del perfil de actividad laboral desarrollada (la descripción se realizó según la Teoría de las Transiciones de Meleis). Se destacan aspectos de sus experiencias y necesidades que, desde la perspectiva enfermera, identifican ámbitos y formas de intervención que permitan preparar y afrontar esta transición saludablemente (AU)

Objective. To describe the transition involved in the retirement process for women who have worked in the Barcelona work context. Design. Methodology qualitative, exploratory study. Location. The study was carried out in Barcelona, between the years 2008-2011. Participants. Users of health centers that serve two profiles by type of work activity developed as managers and technical, or professional activity with little or no autonomy. Main intervention. A technique discussion group was used until narratives did not add significantly to the information available. Transcription, analysis, coding, categorization, and content analysis to obtain the results. Results. The results reflected differences between these profiles involved in the sample when analyzing data related to the meaning of their working lives, expectations of retirement, the motives which determine it, their health during the initial period and their adaptation to retirement. There were many similarities and few differences when analyzing family responsibilities / workloads before and after retirement. Conclusions. These were based on the results described of the two distinct typologies of transition to retirement among women involved in the study in accordance with their profile of working life (the description used concepts and elements which model the Meleis Transition Theories as its basis). Some aspects of their experiences and needs are also stressed which, from a nursing perspective, lead to the identification of ambits, means of intervention which enable them to prepare and address this transition in a healthy way (AU)

[WOMEN AND RETIREMENT: KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRANSITION OF RETIREMENT OF WOMEN]. / Mujer y jublación conocimientos sobre a transción de la jubilación.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transition involved in the retirement process for women who have worked in the Barcelona work context. DESIGN: Methodology qualitative, exploratory study. LOCATION: The study was carried out in Barcelona, between the years 2008-2011. PARTICIPANTS: Users of health centers that serve two profiles by type of work activity developed as managers and technical, or professional activity with little or no autonomy. MAIN INTERVENTTON: A technique discussion group was used until narratives did not add significantly to the information available. Transcription, analysis, coding, categorization, and content analysis to obtain the results. RESULTS: The results reflected differences between these profiles involved in the sample when analyzing data related to the meaning of their working lives, expectations of retirement, the motives which determine it, their health during the initial period and their adaptation to retirement. There were many similarities and few differences when analyzing family responsibilities/ workloads before and after retirement. CONCLUSIONS: These were based on the results described of the two distinct typologies of transition to retirement among women involved in the study in accordance with their profile of working life (the description used concepts and elements which model the Meleis Transition Theories as its basis). Some aspects of their experiences and needs are also stressed which, from a nursing perspective, lead to the identification of ambits, means of intervention which enable them to prepare and address this transition in a healthy way.

Ansiedad en los cuidados. Una mirada desde el modelo de Mishel / Anxiety. A review from Mishel's theory

La ansiedad es una reacción emocional ante la percepción de peligro o amenaza caracterizada por ser anticipatoria, activadora y facilitadora de la respuesta del individuo, pudiendo llegar a interferir en su capacidad para superar las dificultades, situación o entorno causantes si esta ansiedad es elevada y persistente. La incertidumbre genera ansiedad, ya que puede disminuir la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación del individuo. Teniendo como finalidad el interés en contribuir a la diseminación de los modelos de enfermería y aportar elementos para la reflexión crítica, los objetivos de la presente Teorización se centran en la conceptualización de los términos abordados y en el análisis de la práctica evidenciada en la literatura acercando el conocimiento de las fuentes teóricas a la práctica enfermera para que ésta pueda desarrollarse bajo unas relaciones éticas, teóricas y filosóficas donde los cuidados pongan énfasis en la totalidad de la persona (AU)

Anxiety is an emotional response resulting from the anticipation of a perceived danger or threat. Its function is to activate and facilitate the response of an individual, being possible to get to the situation where it interferes with the individual´s capacity to overcome difficulties when the anxiety levels are high and persistent. Uncertainty may generate anxiety as it can decrease the ability of an individual to adapt and cope with a situation. Given that our purpose is to contribute to the dissemination of nursing models and to provide elements for critical reflection, the aims of this theorization are focused on the conceptualization of the terms discussed and on the analysis of the evidence-based practice found in the literature approaching the knowledge obtained from the theoretical sources of nursing to the practice so that it can develop under ethical, theoretical and philosophical relationships in which care emphasize the person as a whole (AU)